Beyond the Kármán gait: knifefish swimming in periodic and irregular vortex streets
نویسندگان
چکیده
ABSTRACT Neotropical freshwater fishes such as knifefishes are commonly faced with navigating intense and highly unsteady streams. However, our knowledge on locomotion in apteronotids comes from laminar flows, where the ribbon fin dominates over pectoral fins or body bending. Here, we studied 3D kinematics swimming control of seven black ghost knifefish (Apteronotus albifrons) moving flows (flow speed U∞≈1–5 BL s−1) periodic vortex streets (U∞≈2–4 s−1). Two different cylinders (∼2 ∼3 cm diameter) were used to generate latter. Additionally, fish exposed an irregular wake produced by a free oscillating cylinder diameter; U∞≈2 In mainly their fin, wave frequency, acceleration increasing U∞. contrast, behind fixed increased use fins, which resulted changes orientation that mimicked steady backward swimming. Meanwhile, individuals presented combination bending movements counteract out-of-phase yaw oscillations induced shedding vortices. We corroborated passive placing printed model just downstream cylinder, but when placed one diameter downstream, oscillated phase. Thus, left is more challenging than for animal located may have consequences inter- intra-specific interactions.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: The Journal of Experimental Biology
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['1477-9145', '0022-0949']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.238808